*{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-behavior:smooth;scroll-padding-top:90px}body{margin:0;background:#ffffff;color:#001e44;font:15px/1.8 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Arial,sans-serif}a{color:#1e407c;text-decoration:none}a:hover{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px}a:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #1e407c;outline-offset:4px}p{margin:0 0 17px}h1,h2,h3{line-height:1.35;margin:0;color:#001e44}h1{font-size:49px;letter-spacing:-1.5px;font-weight:400}h1 strong{font-weight:750}h3{font-size:18px;font-weight:650}.container{max-width:1050px;width:calc(100% - 64px);margin:auto}header{position:sticky;top:0;background:#fffffffa;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(30,64,124,.20);z-index:10}.navigation{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;min-height:66px;gap:30px}.brand{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:11px;white-space:nowrap;font-size:18px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.25px;color:#001e44}.brand:hover{text-decoration:none}.brand-mark{font:700 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img{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;border-radius:5px}.person h3{font-size:20px;margin:0 0 4px}.person h3 a{color:#001e44}.person-role{font-size:12px;color:rgba(0,30,68,.72);margin-bottom:12px;letter-spacing:.025em}.person p:not(.person-role){font-size:14px;margin-bottom:10px}.profile-links{display:flex;gap:12px;font-size:12px}.future-member{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:15px;border:1px dashed rgba(30,64,124,.20);border-radius:4px;background:rgba(150,190,230,.10);padding:17px 22px;margin-top:28px;width:fit-content;font-size:12px;color:rgba(0,30,68,.72)}.future-member strong{font-size:14px;color:#001e44}.plus{font-size:30px;font-weight:300;color:rgba(0,30,68,.72)}.publication-year{display:grid;grid-template-columns:65px 1fr;gap:28px;margin-top:10px}.publication-year>h3{font-size:15px;color:rgba(0,30,68,.72);margin-top:3px}.publication-year ol{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.publication-year li{margin-bottom:24px;line-height:1.65}.paper-title{font-size:15px;font-weight:600;display:block;margin-bottom:5px;color:#001e44}.authors{font-size:12px;color:rgba(0,30,68,.72);margin-bottom:3px}.authors strong{font-weight:600}.venue{font-size:12px;font-style:italic;color:rgba(0,30,68,.72)}.paper-link{font-style:normal;margin-left:8px}.join-options{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:25px;margin-top:26px}.join-options article{border-top:2px solid rgba(30,64,124,.20);padding-top:16px}.join-options h3{font-size:15px;margin-bottom:10px}.join-options p{font-size:13px;line-height:1.8}.join-options a{font-size:12px}.contact{margin-top:28px;padding:22px;background:rgba(150,190,230,.10);border-radius:4px}.contact h3{font-size:15px;margin-bottom:8px}.contact p{font-size:13px;margin:0}footer{margin-top:25px;border-top:1px solid rgba(30,64,124,.20);padding:23px 0}.footer{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px;font-size:11px;color:rgba(0,30,68,.72)}.footer p{margin:0}.skip{position:absolute;left:20px;top:-100px;background:#001e44;color:white;padding:10px;z-index:20}.skip:focus{top:5px}@media(max-width:800px){.container{width:calc(100% - 40px)}.nav-links{gap:15px}.nav-links a{font-size:11px}.navigation{gap:18px}.join-options{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:10px}.join-options article{padding-top:15px}.join-options p{margin-bottom:10px}}@media(max-width:600px){html{scroll-padding-top:118px}.container{width:calc(100% - 36px)}.navigation{display:block;padding:12px 0 0}.brand{font-size:17px}.brand-mark{font-size:20px}.nav-links{gap:0;justify-content:space-between;overflow-x:auto}.nav-links a{padding:11px 0;white-space:nowrap;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:0}.lab-heading{padding:32px 0 26px}h1{font-size:40px}.full-name{font-size:20px}.affiliation{font-size:11px;line-height:1.7}body{font-size:14px}section{padding:22px 0 25px}h2{font-size:13px;gap:12px;margin-bottom:20px}.recruitment{display:block;padding:16px 18px}.recruitment p{font-size:13px}.button{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;padding:7px 16px}.news-list li{grid-template-columns:70px 1fr;gap:12px;font-size:13px}.news-list time{font-size:11px}.research-row{grid-template-columns:30px 1fr;gap:13px}.research-number{width:28px;height:28px;font-size:10px}.research-row h3{font-size:16px}.research-row p{font-size:13px}.research-links{gap:7px}.research-links a{font-size:10px}.research-links span{display:none}.section-title{gap:12px}.section-title>a{font-size:10px}.person{grid-template-columns:90px 1fr;gap:16px}.portrait{width:90px;height:105px;font-size:30px}.person h3{font-size:17px}.person-role{font-size:11px}.person p:not(.person-role){font-size:13px}.publication-year{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:9px}.publication-year>h3{font-size:13px;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(150,190,230,.10);padding-bottom:6px;margin-bottom:3px}.paper-title{font-size:14px}.authors,.venue{font-size:11px}.footer{display:block}.footer p+p{margin-top:6px}.future-member{width:100%}.contact{padding:17px}}@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}}

/* Penn State brand palette: Nittany Navy, Beaver Blue, White Out, and Pugh Blue. */
:root{--psu-navy:#001e44;--psu-blue:#1e407c;--rise-accent:#b58a42;--psu-accent-text:#1e407c}
header{background:var(--psu-navy);border-bottom:3px solid var(--rise-accent)}
.brand,.nav-links a{color:#fff}
.brand-mark{border-color:var(--rise-accent);color:#96bee6}
.nav-links a:hover,.nav-links a:focus-visible{color:#96bee6}
.lab-heading{border-bottom:0;padding-bottom:20px}#overview{padding-top:10px}#overview h2:after{display:none}
h1 strong{color:var(--psu-navy)}
.full-name{color:var(--psu-accent-text)}
h2:after{background:linear-gradient(90deg,#b58a42 0 58px,rgba(30,64,124,.20) 58px)}
.recruitment{border-left:4px solid var(--rise-accent)}
.research-number{background:rgba(30,64,124,.20);color:#1e407c;border:1px solid rgba(30,64,124,.20)}
.research-links a{background:rgba(150,190,230,.10);border-color:rgba(30,64,124,.20)}
.join-options article{border-top-color:var(--rise-accent)}
.portrait{background:rgba(30,64,124,.20);border-color:rgba(30,64,124,.20);color:#1e407c}
.future-member{border-color:rgba(30,64,124,.20);background:rgba(150,190,230,.10)}
.plus{color:#1e407c}
.contact{background:rgba(150,190,230,.10);border-left:3px solid var(--rise-accent)}
footer{border-top:2px solid var(--psu-navy)}

/* Research and publication cards */
.lab-logo{width:175px;height:40px;display:block}.brand{gap:0}.nav-links{gap:23px}
.anchor-alias{display:block;scroll-margin-top:95px}
.research-direction{padding:8px 0 34px;margin-bottom:27px;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(30,64,124,.20)}.research-direction:last-child{margin-bottom:0;border-bottom:0;padding-bottom:0}
.direction-heading{display:flex;gap:15px;align-items:center;margin-bottom:14px}.direction-heading h3{font-size:20px}.direction-intro{font-size:14px;line-height:1.85;margin-bottom:23px}
.paper-group{margin:25px 0 30px}.paper-group:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.paper-group h4{font-size:13px;color:#1e407c;font-weight:650;margin:0 0 12px;letter-spacing:.025em}
.publication-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:14px}.publication-grid.three{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr))}
.publication-card{display:flex;flex-direction:column;border:1px solid rgba(30,64,124,.20);border-radius:6px;overflow:hidden;color:#001e44;background:white;transition:border-color .15s,box-shadow .15s}
a.publication-card:hover{text-decoration:none;border-color:#1e407c;box-shadow:0 4px 16px #001e440d}.paper-image{height:115px;background:#fff;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(30,64,124,.20);padding:8px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center}.paper-image img{height:100%;width:100%;object-fit:contain}.paper-details{padding:12px 13px 13px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex:1}.paper-details h5{font-size:15px;line-height:1.4;color:#001e44;margin:0 0 7px;font-weight:700}.paper-details h5 span{float:right;font-size:14px;color:#1e407c;font-weight:400}.paper-details p{font-size:11px;line-height:1.55;color:rgba(0,30,68,.72);margin:0 0 10px}.conference{font-size:10px;font-weight:650;color:#1e407c;align-self:flex-start;background:rgba(30,64,124,.20);padding:3px 8px;border-radius:3px;margin-top:auto}.conference.status{background:rgba(150,190,230,.10);color:rgba(0,30,68,.72)}.publication-card.pending{border-style:dashed}
@media(max-width:800px){.nav-links{gap:15px}.nav-links a{font-size:10px}.lab-logo{width:150px;height:auto}.publication-grid,.publication-grid.three{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}}
@media(max-width:600px){.nav-links{gap:13px;justify-content:space-between}.nav-links a{font-size:9px}.lab-logo{width:145px;height:34px}.direction-heading h3{font-size:17px}.direction-heading{gap:12px}.direction-intro{font-size:13px}.publication-grid,.publication-grid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}.paper-image{height:130px}.paper-details{padding:12px 14px 14px}.paper-group h4{font-size:12px}.research-direction{margin-bottom:18px;padding-bottom:28px}#research-heading{font-size:12px}}

/* Narrow publication cards with readable figure previews. */
.publication-grid,.publication-grid.three{grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(0,220px));gap:12px}
.paper-image{height:100px;padding:7px}
.paper-details{padding:10px 11px 12px}
.paper-details h5{font-size:14px}
.paper-details p{line-height:1.5;margin-bottom:9px}
.paper-badges{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:6px;margin-top:auto}
.paper-badges .conference{margin-top:0}
@media(max-width:800px){.publication-grid,.publication-grid.three{grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(0,210px))}}
@media(max-width:600px){.publication-grid,.publication-grid.three{grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(0,200px))}.paper-image{height:105px}}
@media(max-width:260px){.publication-grid,.publication-grid.three{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}}

/* More prominent research topic labels and complete director contact details. */
.paper-group h4{font-size:16px;line-height:1.4;margin-bottom:14px}
.biography p{margin-bottom:14px!important}
.profile-links{flex-wrap:wrap;row-gap:4px}
.person-contact{font-size:13px;font-style:normal;line-height:1.9;margin-top:14px;color:rgba(0,30,68,.72)}
.contact p+p{margin-top:12px}
#contact{scroll-margin-top:95px}
@media(max-width:600px){.paper-group h4{font-size:15px}.person-contact{font-size:12px}.profile-links{column-gap:9px}.nav-links{gap:11px}}

/* Pair related research topics while retaining compact publication cards. */
.topic-pair{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:28px;margin:25px 0 30px;align-items:start}
.topic-pair>.paper-group{margin:0;min-width:0}
.topic-pair:last-child{margin-bottom:0}
@media(max-width:1000px){.topic-pair{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:26px}}

/* Muted gold accent alongside the Penn State blues. */
.research-number{background:rgba(181,138,66,.13);border-color:rgba(181,138,66,.35);color:var(--psu-navy)}
.conference:not(.status){background:rgba(181,138,66,.15);color:var(--psu-navy)}
a.publication-card:hover{border-color:var(--rise-accent)}

/* RISE mottos echo the lab’s navy and gold accents. */
.rise-motto{font-size:clamp(17px,2.5vw,22px);font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;color:var(--psu-navy);margin:22px 0 0;padding-left:16px;border-left:3px solid var(--rise-accent)}
.rise-quote{font-size:clamp(17px,2.3vw,21px);font-family:Georgia,serif;font-style:italic;line-height:1.6;color:var(--psu-blue);margin:0 0 24px;padding-left:16px;border-left:3px solid var(--rise-accent)}